如何分析SAT寫作議論文中（比喻）“metaphor”的修辭效果？

話說在去年3月15日上午十二屆全國人大五次會議上，李總理用武僧翻跟頭的比喻（小武僧翻跟頭，一口氣十幾個不費力，大武僧兩三個就喘氣）對中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速狀況做了一個非常恰當(dāng)?shù)拿枋?。這一比喻非常有力地回應(yīng)了現(xiàn)場記者對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速的質(zhì)疑，同時也用了一個大家都懂的比喻讓我們很容易地了解了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢。那么 比喻（metaphor）在議論文中是如何發(fā)揮它的說服作用的，我們今天就一起來看看吧~

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什么是比喻（metaphor）

A metaphor makes a hidden comparison between two things or objects that are dissimilar to each other but have some characteristics common between them.

比喻就是“隱性地”比較兩個不同事物的相似特征。比如老莎（莎士比亞）曾經(jīng)就對這個世界做了一個很微妙的比喻，原句是這樣的：

“All the world’s a stage and men and women merely players.”

世界就是一個舞臺，人僅僅是這個舞臺上的演員而已。

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比喻常見的修辭效果是什么？

1） 煽動情緒

…appeals directly to the senses of listeners or readers

2） 便于理解

…sharpens their imaginations to comprehend what is being communicated to them.

3） 增強(qiáng)視覺化效果

…adds visual intensity to…

常用句型如下：

What the author does?

●   Metaphor is applied to…

●  The “…” metaphor is a stylistic device that

●  This metaphor…

Why he or she does it?

●  …serves the purpose to make the ...ungrounded 2）…adds visual intensity to…

●  …helps to dismiss…

●   This helps the reader understand the complexities of…

What effect this is likely to have on readers?

●  …making the audience condemn…

●  Any reader who has …cannot tolerate such …

●  …create a sense that…

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如何用3W原則對metaphor展開深度分析？

如何使用3W原則來分析一篇議論文中的metaphor呢，我們一起看個例子吧~

原    文  

Standing on the coastal plain, I was saddened to think of the tragedy that might occur if this great wilderness was consumed by a web of roads and pipelines, drilling rigs and industrial facilities. （ 原文選自：Foreword to Arctic National Wildlife Refuge）

分    析  

He describes the potential destruction with an image suggestive of a predator that traps its prey in a web and then consumes it. The “web” metaphor is a stylistic device that dehumanizes the oil drilling industry. This reinforces his point that the destruction would be total and permanent. （范文摘自《新SAT寫作官方題庫與范文》中國出版集團(tuán)中譯出版社）

原文如何體現(xiàn)3W原則

首先范文準(zhǔn)確的描述了原文作者在此處使用了一個比喻的寫作手法（a “web” metaphor），將公路、石油管道比喻成一張能夠吞噬保護(hù)區(qū)的網(wǎng)。

緊接著，分析了這一手法的修辭效果（dehumanizes, reinforces his point…） 即通過這一比喻，讓讀者覺得開發(fā)野生保護(hù)區(qū)是沒有人性的，從而加強(qiáng)了自己的論點。那么，SAT寫作議論文中比喻的修辭效果你學(xué)會了嗎？更多SAT資訊就在新航道SAT頻道。英語高能高分就上新航道！